The Cuban Rock Iguana (Cyclura nubila) is a remarkable species, known for its stocky build and unique adaptations suited to its rocky, coastal habitat. These iguanas can grow up to 5 feet long and often weigh over 15 pounds, making them one of the largest in the Cyclura genus. Their coloration typically includes shades of gray, brown, and reddish hues that blend seamlessly with the rocky limestone and sandy areas where they live, providing effective camouflage against predators. Cuban Rock Iguanas are also distinguished by their powerful tails lined with sharp, keeled scales, which they use as a defense mechanism, delivering swift tail lashes when threatened. In addition, their sharp claws and muscular limbs make them adept climbers, allowing them to navigate challenging rocky terrains with ease.

Behaviorally, Cuban Rock Iguanas are known for their social structure and established hierarchy, especially among males. Male iguanas are highly territorial, using body language such as head bobbing, lateral displays, and open-mouthed gestures to establish dominance and warn rivals to keep their distance. Despite their intimidating displays, Cuban Rock Iguanas are primarily herbivores, feeding on a variety of plant matter including leaves, fruits, flowers, and cacti, which offer hydration and essential nutrients in their arid environment. Their diet makes them important ecological contributors, as they help disperse seeds through their droppings, promoting plant growth across their habitat. Cuban Rock Iguanas’ unique behaviors and their crucial role in maintaining ecosystem health highlight their significance in the biodiversity of their native range.