Ball pythons, scientifically known as Python regius, are native to sub-Saharan Africa and are renowned for their docile temperament, making them one of the most popular pet snakes in the world. They are named for their unique defensive behavior; when threatened, they roll themselves into a tight ball, tucking their heads inside surrounded by coils. This behavior is especially evident in younger snakes and is a key survival mechanism in the wild. Ball pythons are relatively small compared to other pythons, typically reaching between 3 to 5 feet in length, which makes them particularly manageable for snake enthusiasts. Their lifespan is also remarkable, with many living over 20 years and some records indicating lifespans of over 40 years in captivity, reflecting their resilience and the strong attachment that can develop between these snakes and their owners.

In terms of appearance, ball pythons display a vast array of colors and patterns, leading to a vibrant pet trade focused on various morphs. These morphs, which are genetic mutations that affect color and pattern, range from the striking "Piebald," which features large patches of white, to the "Puzzle" morph, known for its reduced pattern and unique puzzle-like dorsal pattern. Ball pythons are also known for their hunting methods. As nocturnal predators, they use both chemical and thermal receptors to track prey, striking with precision before constricting their catch, which typically consists of small mammals and birds. Their low metabolism allows them to go long periods without food, sometimes several months without any adverse effects, adapting to the availability of prey in their environment. This remarkable adaptation further enhances their appeal to reptile keepers who seek a low-maintenance, yet engaging pet.